Game Theory is a general mathematical analysis to investigate
the strategic interactions among players.
The structure of a game is as follows:
In our examples, we will assume that there are two players, and
that each has two choices.
We assume that the players are selfish (operate in their own
best interests) and rational (choose the best options available).
A strategy is the object that a player can control.
A payoff is the profit from a given pair of choices.
In our examples, we use the notation (m, n)
to indicate a payoff of m to player 1 and n to player 2
as a result of a particular pair of choices.
An equilibrium point is a pair of choices (one by each player)
where neither player can improve their own position by changing their
choice unilaterally.